Basics & process choice
What are welding positions (flat, horizontal, vertical, overhead)?
Quick answer
Welding positions describe the joint's orientation: flat (easiest — gravity helps), horizontal, vertical (up or down) and overhead (hardest — gravity fights everything). Position codes 1G to 6G (aligned with AS/NZS ISO 9606-1) describe test positions — 6G pipe, welding a fixed 45° pipe, is the boss level. Separately, AS 1796 pressure-welding certificates run as numbered classes 1–9 by process and product.
Difficulty and technique by position
| Position | Difficulty | Key adjustment |
|---|---|---|
| Flat | easiest | normal amps, watch the pool |
| Horizontal | moderate | slight upward torch angle, faster |
| Vertical-up | hard | 10–20% less current, weave or triangle |
| Overhead | hardest | less amps, short arc, fast freeze rods |